Between the decline of Mauryan power and Saurashtra coming under the sway of the Samprati Mauryas of Ujjain, there was an Indo-Greek defeat in Gujarat of Demetrius. Emperor Ashoka the Great, the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, not only ordered his edicts engraved in the rock at Junagadh, but also asked Governor Tusherpha to cut canals from the lake where an earlier Indian governor had built a dam. He ruled Girinagar (modern-day Junagadh) (322 BCE to 294 BCE) and built a dam on the Sudarshan lake. Pushyagupta, a Vaishya, was appointed the governor of Saurashtra by the Mauryan regime. The early history of Gujarat includes the imperial grandeur of Chandragupta Maurya who conquered a number of earlier states in what is now Gujarat. There was a succession of various Indian empires such as the Mauryan Dynasty, Western Satraps, Satavahana dynasty, Gupta Empire, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakuta Empire, Pala Empire and Gurjara-Pratihara Empire, as well as the Maitrakas and then the Chaulukyas. There is clear historical evidence of trade and commerce ties with Egypt, Bahrain and Sumer in the Persian Gulf during the time period of 1000 to 750 BCE. The ancient history of Gujarat was enriched by the commercial activities of its inhabitants. Altogether, about fifty Indus Valley settlement ruins have been discovered in Gujarat. The most recent discovery was Gola Dhoro. The ancient city of Dholavira is one of the largest and most prominent archaeological sites in India, belonging to the Indus Valley civilisation. The ancient city of Lothal was where India's first port was established. It contains ancient metropolitan cities from the Indus Valley such as Lothal, Dholavira and Gola Dhoro. Gujarat was one of the main central areas of the Indus Valley civilisation, which is centred primarily in modern Pakistan. HistoryĪrchaeological remains of washroom drainage system at Lothal Parts of modern Rajasthan and Gujarat have been known as Gurjaratra or Gurjarabhumi for centuries before the Mughal period. Gujarat is derived from the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, who ruled Gujarat in the 8th and 9th centuries CE.
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